Why Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide powder is “”cellular power plant“”？

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an auxiliary factor required to maintain basic cellular activities and an effective metabolite for all human cells to convert energy into energy. NAD+is crucial for maintaining overall health and balance, and is involved in metabolism, redox, DNA maintenance and repair, gene stability, epigenetic regulation, and more. All cells in the body require NAD+to sustain their work. The vast majority of diseases and aging are caused by the lack of NAD+in cells, leading to the loss of cell vitality. Supplementing with Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide powder is one of the secret weapons for many people to stay young. Today, let's delve into this' human cell power plant '.

What would happen if the human body's' battery 'is insufficient?

Our body is like a machine that requires energy to operate. If human cells lack the cofactor NAD+, they cannot convert energy and the body will malfunction, such as:

1. Persistent fatigue and physical decline

NAD+is the core coenzyme of cellular energy metabolism, involved in the generation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Its deficiency can lead to impaired mitochondrial function, manifested as slow recovery after physical activity, susceptibility to fatigue, and even muscle weakness.

2. Metabolic abnormalities and weight fluctuations

NAD+participates in the regulation of sugar and fat metabolism. When lacking, insulin resistance, blood sugar fluctuations, or decreased fat metabolism efficiency may occur, leading to weight gain or difficulty in losing weight.

3. Cognitive decline and emotional problems

NAD+is crucial for neurotransmitter synthesis and DNA repair. Long term deficiency may lead to memory loss, lack of concentration, and even mood swings or depressive tendencies.

4. Weakened immune function and decreased repair ability

NAD+supports DNA repair and cellular antioxidant systems. When lacking, immunity may decrease (making it susceptible to infection), resulting in dry skin, slow wound healing, or accelerated skin aging (such as increased wrinkles).

5. Increased risk of age-related diseases

The level of NAD+decreases with age, and its deficiency may exacerbate the pathological process of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.

How does the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide power plant supply electricity to the human body?

1. Role in Energy Metabolism (Redox Reactions)

NAD+ accepts a hydride ion (H−) from various metabolic pathways (e.g., glycolysis, the TCA cycle). This process reduces NAD+ to NADH, which then donates these electrons (hydride equivalents) to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The energy from these donated electrons is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's primary energy currency.

2. Role as a Substrate for NAD+-Dependent Enzymes

NAD+ is a substrate for sirtuins, enzymes involved in deacetylation, which plays a role in processes like DNA repair, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cellular signaling.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide powder is also a key substrate for PARPs, particularly in DNA repair. When DNA damage occurs, PARPs become activated and consume NAD+ to add ADP-ribose chains to proteins, helping to recruit DNA repair machinery.

3. NAD+-dependent mechanisms in ageing

As age increases, NAD+levels decrease and many enzymes related to NAD+degradation and biosynthesis undergo changes. Atherosclerosis, arthritis, hypertension, cognitive decline, diabetes and cancer all affect NAD+levels. The decrease of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exacerbates these symptoms, therefore restoring NAD+levels has become a treatment method for preventing and treating age-related diseases and restoring health and vitality during the aging process.

How to sustain high-level operation of NAD+power plants?

Adjusting lifestyle

Another approach is the use of small-molecule inhibitors or activators to boost NAD+ biosynthesis and the use of dietary supplements, including NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside.The following foods are rich in NAD+
Drinking a glass of milk every day is a fast, natural, and healthy way to increase NAD+. Milk is an important source of nicotinamide nucleoside (NR), a precursor of NAD+. According to a study by the University of Iowa in the United States, each liter of milk contains 3.9 μ mol NAD+.
Fish rich in fat. Fish is widely consumed around the world, especially in coastal areas and Mediterranean countries. Some fish have high levels of NAD+. For example, tuna, sardine and salmon.
Beer. Research has found that beer beverages contain yeast, which is a good source of NAD+. Therefore, moderate consumption of beer can provide you with anti-aging benefits.
CriminiMushrooms。 This mushroom is a food containing NAD+. In each cup of Crimini mushrooms, 3.3mg of NAD+can be obtained.
Chicken. Chicken is a good source of NAD+. One serving of chicken contains 9.1 milligrams of NAD+. Therefore, eating chicken regularly can supplement NAD+and have anti-aging effects,
Yeast. Yeast is one of the most important components in making bread and cakes. Interestingly, it contains more nicotinamide ribose (NR) than milk, which is a precursor to NAD+. Therefore, consuming bread, cakes, and pastries containing yeast can help you stay youthful.
Green vegetables. As is well known, green vegetables contain various good nutrients. It has been proven that some green vegetables are more important as they contain NAD+chemicals that promote youthfulness. For example, peas and asparagus are vegetables that contain a high amount of this chemical, which can enhance the effectiveness of NAD+.
Other animal and plant sources of NAD+include beef, peanuts, avocados, and barley.

External supplementation

Another approach is the use of small-molecule inhibitors or activators to boost NAD+ biosynthesis and the use of dietary supplements, including Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide powder, nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside.

Is external supplementation of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide powder energy safe?

In a 2023 review researchers found that supplementation with NAD-boosting compounds was safe and tolerable in healthy, middle-aged and older adults。Like many other supplements there is risk for mild side effects, particularly GI-related issues such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Given their role in cell processes, there could be downstream effects in cell metabolism that we just don't know about yet.

Conclusion

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it central to energy metabolism. NAD+ is also an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+-dependent enzymes, It is a unique cellular power plant in the human body. NAD+is becoming a central metabolite in the field of aging, and a decrease in NAD+levels is becoming an established characteristic of several age-related diseases. Different NAD+promotion strategies have been proven to effectively extend healthy lifespan and longevity. The translatability of NAD+enhanced therapy for humans remains a key question to be answered. Some human clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of NAD+enhancement. However, it is still unknown whether there are any side effects of long-term supplementation of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide powder precursors. We hope that research results can provide some insights into the unresolved issues and lay the foundation for interpreting the role of NAD+in human aging in the future.

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Reference

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4.  Talk about nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Chemical book 2020/12/7 13:43:42